diff --git a/packages/babel-node/test/config.json b/packages/babel-node/test/config.json
index 06c1c58530..e82f5fcfa6 100644
--- a/packages/babel-node/test/config.json
+++ b/packages/babel-node/test/config.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "presets": [
     "../../babel-preset-env",
-    ["../../babel-preset-react"]
+    ["../../babel-preset-react", { "runtime": "classic" }]
   ],
   "plugins": [
     "../../babel-plugin-transform-strict-mode",
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-async-to-generator/test/fixtures/regression/7178/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-async-to-generator/test/fixtures/regression/7178/options.json
index e1385e0394..6dc5e9a6a3 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-async-to-generator/test/fixtures/regression/7178/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-async-to-generator/test/fixtures/regression/7178/options.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "plugins": [
     "external-helpers",
     "transform-async-to-generator",
-    "transform-react-jsx",
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }],
     "transform-react-constant-elements"
   ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-block-scoping/test/fixtures/general/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-block-scoping/test/fixtures/general/options.json
index d480b6d0ab..41e2cadf63 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-block-scoping/test/fixtures/general/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-block-scoping/test/fixtures/general/options.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "plugins": [
     "transform-block-scoping",
     "syntax-jsx",
-    "transform-react-jsx",
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }],
     "transform-block-scoped-functions",
     "transform-arrow-functions"
   ]
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-classes/test/fixtures/regression/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-classes/test/fixtures/regression/options.json
index c27170293f..5aee2cfe4a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-classes/test/fixtures/regression/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-classes/test/fixtures/regression/options.json
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 {
   "plugins": ["external-helpers", "proposal-class-properties"],
-  "presets": [["env", { "targets": { "browsers": "ie 6" } }], "react"]
+  "presets": [
+    ["env", { "targets": { "browsers": "ie 6" } }],
+    ["react", { "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-function-name/test/fixtures/function-name/export-default-arrow-renaming-3/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-function-name/test/fixtures/function-name/export-default-arrow-renaming-3/options.json
index 16d4b70c31..3712ce18d5 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-function-name/test/fixtures/function-name/export-default-arrow-renaming-3/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-function-name/test/fixtures/function-name/export-default-arrow-renaming-3/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 {
-  "presets": [["env", { "targets": { "browsers": "ie 6" } }], "react"]
+  "presets": [
+    ["env", { "targets": { "browsers": "ie 6" } }],
+    ["react", { "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-constant-elements/test/fixtures/constant-elements/regression-node-type-export-default/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-constant-elements/test/fixtures/constant-elements/regression-node-type-export-default/options.json
index 72ce72ca0b..646be547c2 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-constant-elements/test/fixtures/constant-elements/regression-node-type-export-default/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-constant-elements/test/fixtures/constant-elements/regression-node-type-export-default/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 {
-  "plugins": ["transform-react-jsx", "transform-react-constant-elements"]
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }],
+    "transform-react-constant-elements"
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-constant-elements/test/fixtures/constant-elements/regression-node-type-export/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-constant-elements/test/fixtures/constant-elements/regression-node-type-export/options.json
index 72ce72ca0b..646be547c2 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-constant-elements/test/fixtures/constant-elements/regression-node-type-export/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-constant-elements/test/fixtures/constant-elements/regression-node-type-export/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 {
-  "plugins": ["transform-react-jsx", "transform-react-constant-elements"]
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }],
+    "transform-react-constant-elements"
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/lowercase-member-expression/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/lowercase-member-expression/options.json
index 0979da7aff..cf2845dc2a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/lowercase-member-expression/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/lowercase-member-expression/options.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     "external-helpers",
     "syntax-jsx",
     "transform-react-inline-elements",
-    "transform-react-jsx",
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }],
     "transform-modules-commonjs"
   ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/member-expression/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/member-expression/options.json
index 0979da7aff..cf2845dc2a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/member-expression/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/member-expression/options.json
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     "external-helpers",
     "syntax-jsx",
     "transform-react-inline-elements",
-    "transform-react-jsx",
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }],
     "transform-modules-commonjs"
   ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/options.json
index ba074de5fb..59c68d65b1 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/options.json
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
     "external-helpers",
     "syntax-jsx",
     "transform-react-inline-elements",
-    "transform-react-jsx"
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }]
   ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/src/create-plugin.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/src/create-plugin.js
index 7485cc86b0..c0ed656736 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/src/create-plugin.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/src/create-plugin.js
@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ export default function createPlugin({ name, development }) {
       // TODO (Babel 8): It should throw if this option is used with the automatic runtime
       filter,
 
-      runtime: RUNTIME_DEFAULT = development ? "automatic" : "classic",
+      runtime: RUNTIME_DEFAULT = process.env.BABEL_8_BREAKING
+        ? "automatic"
+        : development
+        ? "automatic"
+        : "classic",
 
       importSource: IMPORT_SOURCE_DEFAULT = DEFAULT.importSource,
       pragma: PRAGMA_DEFAULT = DEFAULT.pragma,
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa05b86b93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": false, "runtime": "automatic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/output.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd783106b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/output.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+var _reactJsxRuntime = require("react/jsx-runtime");
+
+_reactJsxRuntime.jsx("div", {});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-classic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-classic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f03904314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": false, "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 8608ef3739..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-default-pragma/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": false }]
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8515728c5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": false, "runtime": "automatic" }]
+  ],
+  "throws": "pragma and pragmaFrag cannot be set when runtime is automatic"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f03904314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": false, "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 8608ef3739..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-comment/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": false }]
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d6646b2d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "h", "pure": false, "runtime": "automatic" }]
+  ],
+  "throws": "pragma and pragmaFrag cannot be set when runtime is automatic."
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-classic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-classic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a94a0e2ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "h", "pure": false, "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 65d9e8ae0d..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/false-pragma-option/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "h", "pure": false }]
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5206bc8ed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": true, "runtime": "automatic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/output.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5518c29044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/output.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+var _reactJsxRuntime = require("react/jsx-runtime");
+
+/*#__PURE__*/
+_reactJsxRuntime.jsx("div", {});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-classic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-classic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb39754fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": true, "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index c9f1fc61d3..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-default-pragma/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": true }]
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9af0d6fb0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": true, "runtime": "automatic" }]
+  ],
+  "throws": "pragma and pragmaFrag cannot be set when runtime is automatic"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b8761b4a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/* @jsx h */
+
+<div />;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb39754fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": true, "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index c9f1fc61d3..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-comment/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pure": true }]
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe1d12c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div />;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2da99eb016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "h", "pure": true, "runtime": "automatic" }]
+  ],
+  "throws": "pragma and pragmaFrag cannot be set when runtime is automatic."
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-classic-runtime/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-classic-runtime/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe1d12c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-classic-runtime/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div />;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c12140e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "h", "pure": true, "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 8d4223a48b..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/true-pragma-option/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "h", "pure": true }]
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe1d12c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div />;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa1ff2bb27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "automatic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/output.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5518c29044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-automatic-runtime/output.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+var _reactJsxRuntime = require("react/jsx-runtime");
+
+/*#__PURE__*/
+_reactJsxRuntime.jsx("div", {});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-classic-runtime/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-classic-runtime/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe1d12c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-classic-runtime/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div />;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d21f1136de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index c6c8501685..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-default-pragma/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    ["transform-react-jsx", {}]
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b8761b4a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/* @jsx h */
+
+<div />;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4d88c580a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-automatic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "automatic" }]
+  ],
+  "throws": "pragma and pragmaFrag cannot be set when runtime is automatic"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b8761b4a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/* @jsx h */
+
+<div />;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d21f1136de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index c6c8501685..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-comment/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    ["transform-react-jsx", {}]
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe1d12c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div />;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2465b20fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-automatic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "h", "runtime": "automatic"  }]
+  ],
+  "throws": "pragma and pragmaFrag cannot be set when runtime is automatic."
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-classic-runtime/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-classic-runtime/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe1d12c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-classic-runtime/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div />;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb89905482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "h", "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 46f657580a..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/pure/unset-pragma-option/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    ["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "h" }]
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/honor-custom-jsx-comment-if-jsx-pragma-option-set/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/honor-custom-jsx-comment-if-jsx-pragma-option-set/options.json
index 17c61ec6cf..778a933de4 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/honor-custom-jsx-comment-if-jsx-pragma-option-set/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/honor-custom-jsx-comment-if-jsx-pragma-option-set/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "plugins": [["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "foo.bar" }]]
+  "plugins": [["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "foo.bar", "runtime": "classic" }]]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/honor-custom-jsx-pragma-option/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/honor-custom-jsx-pragma-option/options.json
index 2aae85c034..5db83b99f4 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/honor-custom-jsx-pragma-option/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/honor-custom-jsx-pragma-option/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "plugins": [["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "dom" }]]
+  "plugins": [["transform-react-jsx", { "pragma": "dom", "runtime": "classic" }]]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/options.json
index 10a4a89a35..319425c118 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/options.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "plugins": [
     "external-helpers",
     "syntax-jsx",
-    "transform-react-jsx",
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }],
     "transform-arrow-functions"
   ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-add-quotes-es3/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-add-quotes-es3/options.json
index 81639b17e0..0cb674fb09 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-add-quotes-es3/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-add-quotes-es3/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 {
-  "plugins": ["transform-react-jsx", "transform-property-literals"]
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }],
+    "transform-property-literals"
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-support-xml-namespaces-if-flag/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-support-xml-namespaces-if-flag/options.json
index 644fc6f6da..390bd81516 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-support-xml-namespaces-if-flag/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-support-xml-namespaces-if-flag/options.json
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
       "transform-react-jsx",
       {
         "pragma": "h",
+        "runtime": "classic",
         "throwIfNamespace": false
       }
     ]
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-throw-error-namespaces-if-not-flag/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-throw-error-namespaces-if-not-flag/options.json
index 426249807e..8264ca4f74 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-throw-error-namespaces-if-not-flag/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/react/should-throw-error-namespaces-if-not-flag/options.json
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
       "transform-react-jsx",
       {
         "pragma": "h",
+        "runtime": "classic",
         "throwIfNamespace": true
       }
     ]
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default-classic-runtime/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default-classic-runtime/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default-classic-runtime/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default-classic-runtime/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d21f1136de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default-classic-runtime/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default-classic-runtime/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default-classic-runtime/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e1d82404d..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/regression/pragma-frag-set-default/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "plugins": [
-    "transform-react-jsx"
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classic/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-automatic/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classic/input.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-automatic/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classic/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-automatic/options.json
similarity index 59%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classic/options.json
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-automatic/options.json
index 4f654b8206..9895a36a86 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classic/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-automatic/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 {
+  "BABEL_8_BREAKING": true,
   "plugins": ["transform-react-jsx"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-automatic/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-automatic/output.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..607dafdc73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-automatic/output.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+var _reactJsxRuntime = require("react/jsx-runtime");
+
+var x = /*#__PURE__*/_reactJsxRuntime.jsx("div", {
+  children: /*#__PURE__*/_reactJsxRuntime.jsx("span", {})
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classis-babel-7/input.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classis-babel-7/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a6f1f219c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classis-babel-7/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+var x = (<div><span /></div>);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classis-babel-7/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classis-babel-7/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d6c1670be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classis-babel-7/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "BABEL_8_BREAKING": false,
+  "plugins": ["transform-react-jsx"]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classic/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classis-babel-7/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classic/output.js
rename to packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/runtime/defaults-to-classis-babel-7/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/spread-transform/transform-to-babel-extend/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/spread-transform/transform-to-babel-extend/options.json
index 472d8a40f6..48ae14dbd7 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/spread-transform/transform-to-babel-extend/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/spread-transform/transform-to-babel-extend/options.json
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
-  "plugins": ["transform-react-jsx", ["proposal-object-rest-spread", {
-    "loose": true,
-    "useBuiltIns": false
-  }], "external-helpers"]
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-react-jsx", { "runtime": "classic" }],
+    ["proposal-object-rest-spread", { "loose": true, "useBuiltIns": false }],
+    "external-helpers"
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/spread-transform/transform-to-object-assign/output.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/spread-transform/transform-to-object-assign/output.js
index a4005fba7a..d05561223f 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/spread-transform/transform-to-object-assign/output.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-jsx/test/fixtures/spread-transform/transform-to-object-assign/output.js
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
-var div = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, Object.assign({}, props, {
+var _reactJsxRuntime = require("react/jsx-runtime");
+
+var div = /*#__PURE__*/_reactJsxRuntime.jsx(Component, Object.assign({}, props, {
   foo: "bar"
 }));
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-regenerator/test/fixtures/scope/8525/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-regenerator/test/fixtures/scope/8525/options.json
index 1cb51ff34f..94b6530355 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-regenerator/test/fixtures/scope/8525/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-regenerator/test/fixtures/scope/8525/options.json
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 {
-  "presets": ["react"],
+  "presets": [
+    ["react", { "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ],
   "plugins": ["transform-regenerator"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/src/index.js b/packages/babel-preset-react/src/index.js
index 15a3643d5b..4a7e904f0a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/src/index.js
@@ -7,23 +7,23 @@ import transformReactPure from "@babel/plugin-transform-react-pure-annotations";
 export default declare((api, opts) => {
   api.assertVersion(7);
 
-  let { pragma, pragmaFrag } = opts;
+  let { pragma, pragmaFrag, development = false } = opts;
 
   const {
     pure,
     throwIfNamespace = true,
-    runtime = "classic",
+    runtime = process.env.BABEL_8_BREAKING ? "automatic" : "classic",
     importSource,
   } = opts;
 
-  // TODO: (Babel 8) Remove setting these defaults
-  if (runtime === "classic") {
-    pragma = pragma || "React.createElement";
-    pragmaFrag = pragmaFrag || "React.Fragment";
-  }
+  if (!process.env.BABEL_8_BREAKING) {
+    if (runtime === "classic") {
+      pragma = pragma || "React.createElement";
+      pragmaFrag = pragmaFrag || "React.Fragment";
+    }
 
-  // TODO: (Babel 8) Don't cast this option but validate it
-  const development = !!opts.development;
+    development = !!development;
+  }
 
   if (process.env.BABEL_8_BREAKING) {
     if ("useSpread" in opts) {
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/development-windows/options.json b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/development-windows/options.json
index 6ca8659a61..cb9c32c34e 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/development-windows/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/development-windows/options.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "presets": [["react", { "development": true }]],
+  "presets": [["react", { "development": true, "runtime": "classic" }]],
   "os": ["win32"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/development/options.json b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/development/options.json
index 69900e7344..d563df88c2 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/development/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/development/options.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "presets": [["react", { "development": true }]],
+  "presets": [["react", { "development": true, "runtime": "classic" }]],
   "os": ["linux", "darwin"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/no-options/input.js b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options-babel-7/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/no-options/input.js
rename to packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options-babel-7/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options-babel-7/options.json b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options-babel-7/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58ca0a14b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options-babel-7/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "BABEL_8_BREAKING": false,
+  "presets": [["react", {}]]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/no-options/output.js b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options-babel-7/output.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/no-options/output.js
rename to packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options-babel-7/output.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options/options.json b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options/options.json
index 33f84fa2ea..22054b4d59 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 {
+  "BABEL_8_BREAKING": true,
   "presets": [["react", {}]]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options/output.js b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options/output.js
index 6bb6d5f169..1b9e086df1 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options/output.js
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/empty-options/output.js
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+var _reactJsxRuntime = require("react/jsx-runtime");
+
 /*#__PURE__*/
-React.createElement(Foo, {
+_reactJsxRuntime.jsx(Foo, {
   bar: "baz"
 });
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/no-options/options.json b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/no-options/options.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 12d195e58b..0000000000
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/no-options/options.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "presets": ["react"]
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/runtime-classic-pragma-no-frag/options.json b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/runtime-classic-pragma-no-frag/options.json
index 12d195e58b..d3153f41ed 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/runtime-classic-pragma-no-frag/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/preset-options/runtime-classic-pragma-no-frag/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "presets": ["react"]
+  "presets": [
+    ["react", { "runtime": "classic" }]
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/11294/options.json b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/11294/options.json
index 238981a96b..7362dbe7e4 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/11294/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/11294/options.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
   "presets": [
-    ["react", { "pragma": "__jsx" }]]
+    ["react", { "pragma": "__jsx", "runtime": "classic" }]]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/another-preset-with-custom-jsx-keep-source-self/emotion-css-prop-preset.js b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/another-preset-with-custom-jsx-keep-source-self/emotion-css-prop-preset.js
index 50d3778ab9..410f773651 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/another-preset-with-custom-jsx-keep-source-self/emotion-css-prop-preset.js
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/another-preset-with-custom-jsx-keep-source-self/emotion-css-prop-preset.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module.exports = () => ({
-  plugins: [["@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx", { pragma: "___EmotionJSX" }]],
+  plugins: [["@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx", { pragma: "___EmotionJSX", runtime: "classic" }]],
 });
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/runtime-classic-allow-multiple-source-self/my-preset.js b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/runtime-classic-allow-multiple-source-self/my-preset.js
index 662db9983b..dcef2dce25 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/runtime-classic-allow-multiple-source-self/my-preset.js
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/runtime-classic-allow-multiple-source-self/my-preset.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module.exports = () => ({
-  presets: [["@babel/preset-react", { development: true }]],
+  presets: [["@babel/preset-react", { development: true, runtime: "classic" }]],
 });
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/runtime-classic-allow-multiple-source-self/options.json b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/runtime-classic-allow-multiple-source-self/options.json
index b83b0c1047..47d07d19bc 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/runtime-classic-allow-multiple-source-self/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-react/test/fixtures/regression/runtime-classic-allow-multiple-source-self/options.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "presets": [["@babel/preset-react", { "development": true }], "./my-preset"],
+  "presets": [["@babel/preset-react", { "development": true, "runtime": "classic" }], "./my-preset"],
   "os": ["linux", "darwin"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-typescript/test/fixtures/jsx-compat/options.json b/packages/babel-preset-typescript/test/fixtures/jsx-compat/options.json
index a356e87115..15b698ff6f 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-typescript/test/fixtures/jsx-compat/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-typescript/test/fixtures/jsx-compat/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 {
-  "presets": [["react", {}, "before"], "typescript", ["react", {}, "after"]]
+  "presets": [
+    ["react", { "runtime": "classic" }, "before"],
+    "typescript",
+    ["react", { "runtime": "classic" }, "after"]
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-standalone/test/babel.js b/packages/babel-standalone/test/babel.js
index b17e9c50ce..1afeb7baab 100644
--- a/packages/babel-standalone/test/babel.js
+++ b/packages/babel-standalone/test/babel.js
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
       const output = Babel.transform(
         "const someDiv = <div>{getMessage()}</div>",
         {
-          presets: ["react"],
+          presets: [["react", { runtime: "classic" }]],
         },
       ).code;
       expect(output).toBe(