diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/src/index.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/src/index.js
index 08dcd11a60..a2288ee9be 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/src/index.js
@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@ export default function() {
 
   const visitor = helper({
     filter(node) {
-      return !hasRefOrSpread(node.openingElement.attributes);
+      return (
+        // Regular JSX nodes have an `openingElement`. JSX fragments, however, don't have an
+        // `openingElement` which causes `node.openingElement.attributes` to throw.
+        node.openingElement && !hasRefOrSpread(node.openingElement.attributes)
+      );
     },
     pre(state) {
       const tagName = state.tagName;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/fragment/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/fragment/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f34cb095aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/fragment/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<><span /><div /></>
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/fragment/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/fragment/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55fbad164b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-react-inline-elements/test/fixtures/inline-elements/fragment/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+React.createElement(React.Fragment, null, babelHelpers.jsx("span", {}), babelHelpers.jsx("div", {}));