The primary goal of this commit is to add the ability to parse type parameter
declarations with defaults, like `type Foo<T = string> = T`. While I was in the
code, I fixed a few small things, like
* Type parameter declarations need 1 or more type parameters.
* The existential type `*` is not a valid type parameter.
* The existential type `*` is a primary type
* The param list for type parameter declarations now consists of
`TypeParameter` nodes
