expect(null ?? undefined).toBeUndefined(undefined);
expect(undefined ?? null).toBeNull();
expect(false ?? true).toBe(false);
expect(0 ?? 1).toBe(0);
expect("" ?? "foo").toBe("");

var obj = { exists: true };
expect(obj.exists ?? false).toBe(true);
expect(obj.doesNotExist ?? "foo").toBe("foo");

var counter = 0;
function sideEffect() { return counter++; }
expect(sideEffect() ?? -1).toBe(0);

var counter2 = 0;
var obj2 = {
    get foo() { return counter2++; }
};
expect(obj2.foo ?? -1).toBe(0);